Tumor markers ,
Tumor Markers
Tumor : a swelling of a part of the body,
generally without inflammation, caused by
an abnormal growth of tissue, whether
benign or malignant.
Benign tumor
Limited in their growth .
Do not invade or metastasis .
Malignant tumor (Cancer)
Spread from the original site and cause
secondary tumor
Tumor Markers
Difference between benign and Malignant tumor :
charachteristics
Tumor Markers
Tumor markers are substances, usually proteins,
that are produced by the body in response to
cancer growth or by the cancer tissue itself and
that may be detected in blood, urine, or tissue
samples .
Some tumor markers are specific for a particular
type of cancer, while others are seen in several
cancer types. Most of the well-known markers may
also be elevated in non-cancerous conditions.
Consequently, tumor markers alone are not
diagnostic for cancer
Types of tumor markers
Enzymes
Types of tumor marker
Hormones
Types of tumor marker
Oncofetal Antigen
Types of tumor marker
Carbohydrate Antigen
Types of tumor marker
Proteins
Genetic markers
Oncogenes.
Tumor suppressor genes.
oncogenes
Oncogenes are involved in growth factor signaling pathways,
thus amplification of the oncogene leads to abnormal cell
growth
Tumor supressor genes
The oncogenicity of suppressor genes is derived
from loss rather than activation.
Any mutation either deletion in suppressor genes
or alterations in chromosomes (monosomy) lead to
to high uncontrolled cell activity.
Mutations in p53 apparently allow cells to move
through the cell cycle and contribute to the
autonomous growth of cancer.
.
Serology
Scientific study of blood serum to diagnose the presence of
antibodies in the serum which are typically formed in
response to an infection or to one own proteins (in instances
of autoimmune disease )
Antigen&Antibody
Antigen :foreign substance
such as bacteria and viruses
,they stimulate B Lymphocytes
to produce Ab.
Antibody :is protein made by
B Lymphocytes .
Inflammatory disease disorders
1- Rheumatic fever
 ASOT(Anti- streptolysin o- test)
 CRP (C-Reactive protein)
2- Rheumatoid arthritis
R F
Anti-ccp
ASOT
Anti-streptolysin O (ASO or ASLO) is the antibody made
against streptolysin O.
Anti-streptolysin O (ASO) is an antibody often found in the
blood of people who have suffered a streptococcus infection.
A blood test, known as the anti-streptolysin O titre, is
sometimes used to test for the presence of this antibody in
the blood. This test is considered useful because certain
health conditions, such as rheumatic fever, usually only occur
in people who have recently suffered or are suffering a
streptococcus infection. While testing for anti-streptolysin O
is not considered effective for diagnosing a specific illness, it
can help doctors determine if a patient is suffering from a
streptococci-related disease
ASOT
CRP(c- reactive protein)
C-reactive protein is produced by the liver. The level of CRP
rises when there is inflammation throughout the body. This
article discusses the blood test done to measure the amount
of CRP in your blood.
Rapid test (Ag Ab reaction)
